In a study observing gender-related pain biases, researchers found that there was a "growing body of evidence" that indicated significant differences in pain response and treatment between men and women. Women are more likely to experience pain and be more sensitive to it.

Robert H. Shmerling, MD, associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and Clinical Chief of Rheumatology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, says Piriformis Syndrome appears to be more prevalent among women. However, the reason for this has yet to be discovered.